Fuel injector



April 3 I H. c. EDWARDS 2,114,977

NJECTOR Filed May 13, 1957 l l 3 mmmwmmge Patented Apr. 19, 1938 UNITED STATE s PATENT OFFICE amen roar. m'mc'roa Herbert 0. Edwards, Massillon; Ohio, assignor to, a

The Timken Roller Bearing Company, Canton, Ohio, a corporation of ohio" Application May 13, 1931, Serial No. 142,406

SClaims.

pearing. The invention consists in the fuel in-..

je'ctor and in the construction, combinations and arragements of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification and wherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Fig. 1 is a view of the outer or discharge end of a fuel injector embodying my invention,

Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal section on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1,

Fig.3 is a cross-section on the line 3-3 in Fig- 2; and v Fig. 4 is an enlarged central longitudinal section of the discharge end portion of the injector.

. The pressure operated fuel injector illustrated in the accompanying drawing comprises a cylindrical nozzle member or portion I having a cylindrical bore 2 extending axially therethrough from end to end thereof. Mounted in the bore 2 of the nozzle is a valve member in the form-of a thin-walled cylindrical tube 3 that preferably extends from end to end of said bore. Said bore is provided at the inner end of the nozzle'with a flat-bottomed enlargement or counterbore-l;

the portion thereof locatedinwardly of the annular chamber "I.

By the arrangement described, when sufficient pressure is exerted by the injection pump or other device (not shown) on the oil in the annular chamber I, which surrounds the tubular valve 3, such pressure operates to 'compress said tube so that the wall thereof will move inwardly away from the annular rib l0 and thus open up an annular passageway to the annular chamber 6', from which the oil escapes through the annular discharge orifice 8 at the discharge end of the nozzle. when the pressure is relieved, the tubular valve expands against the rib l0, thus shutting off the flow of fuel through the nozzle. The

and the tubular valve member is formed at said end of said nozzle with an enlarged cylindrical as head portion 5 that seats within said counterbore.

The valve receiving bore 2 of the nozzle l is ,enlarged intermediate betweenits ends to form two longitudinally spaced annular-chambers 6 and I, respectively, around the hollow cylindrical valve member 3. chamber that is located adjacent to the discharge end of the nozzle and opens into an annulardischarge orifice 8 formed by an accurately determined clearance space between the valve memher and aninternal annula'r rib or land 9; The chamber 1 is a relatively longchamber that is fnormally separated from the relatively short chamber. by an internal annular rib or land .50 II and is supplied with fuel by one or more passageways II that lead from an annular groove I! in the inner or inlet end of said nozzle and .open into the chamber I at the inner end thereof. The valve member 3 has a light press-fit in the innermost annular rib II of the bore and in The chamber 6 is a relatively short shape of the rib 9 or the radiused or beveled outer end of the valve member may be changed to obtain the desired spray characteristics. The pressure at which the nozzle will open may bedetermined by the wall thickness of the tubular valve member and by the tightness of its fit in the annular rib ll. The pressure which compresses the tubular valve also tends to expand the nozzle body; but said body is preferably made heavy enough to resist suchexpansion.

The above valve construction is simple and economical to manufacture; it can be readily assembled and disassembled; and it dispenses with the more expensive spring-loaded plungertype valves heretofore used with hydraulically operate'd fuel injectors. What I claim is:

1. A fuel injector comprising a nozzle member having a cylindrical bore therein and a cylindri cal tubular member mounted in said'bore, said members, cooperating to form therebetween a continuously open' annular discharge orifice at the outer ends thereof and. an annular pressure tion thereof with changes of temperature, said annular pressure space being adapted to be supplied with fluid under pressure suiflcient to. cause relative radial movement of said annular land and the portion of the member having surface contact therewith and thereby permit the fuel to pass therebetween.

2. A fuel injector comprising a'nozzle member having a cylindrical bore therein and a cylindrical tubular member mounted in said bore, said members cooperating to form a continuously open 2 annular discharze'oriiice at the outer ends there 01' and an annular pressure space located inward-.-

ly of said annular discharge orifice, said bore having an annular land therein that has a nor- -mai1y fluid-tight surface contact with the outer periphery of said tubular member so as to 'normaily cut on communication between said annular pressurespace and said annular discharge qriiice while permitting endwise expansion and contraction oi said tubular member relative to said annular land, said annular pressure space "beinz' adapted to be supplied with fluid under pressure sumcient to compress said tubular member radially and thereby permit passage of the 15 fuel between said tubular member and said annular land.

'3'. A fuel injector comprising a nozzle havin: a cylindrical bore therein and a cylindrical tube mounted in said bore cooperating therewith to form an annular pressure chamber therebetween, said bore having two axially spaced annular lands therein, the outermost land being spaced from said tube to form therewith a continuously open annular discharge orifice and the innermost annular land having a suri'ace contact with the outer periphery of said tube that normally cuts oil! communication between said annular. pressure space and said annular discharge 

